Hardening of Copper

Copper is a relatively soft metal, so it is very suitable for stretching, forging and drawing. Once the desired shape has been achieved, it is sometimes desirable for this shape to be changed by a force, i.e. not to bend easily. This can be achieved by forging or rolling the copper several times. Copper then becomes harder and more elastic. If copper is forged or rolled too much, the material becomes cracked, brittle and breaks. Hardening was used here to achieve the resilient metal in the copper bracelet Daphne or Ivaldi, for example, or to a lesser extent the resilient behavior of the copper bracelet Freya.